Vegetation Structure and regeneration status of Guard Dry Afromontane Forests in North Western Ethiopia

Yitayih Dagne^1*, Liyew Birhanu^1
1Department of Biology, Debremarkos University, P.O. Box: 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
*Corresponding Author: yitdagne@gmail.com

Abstract
The study was conducted in Guard forest in Dejen district, East Gojam zone, North West Ethiopia, to determine the vegetation structure and regeneration status of Guard Dry Afromontane forests. A systematic sampling technique was used for vegetation data collection. 58 plots each with 400 m² (20 m X 20 m) for trees and shrubs. From each main plot, five subplots 4 m² and 1 m² were laid at the four corners and center of the main sample plot to count saplings and seedlings of woo Read More

Study of Organometallic Sensitizer Regeneration Kinetics by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Ataklti Abraha Gebreyohanes^*1 and Getachew Alemu Anshebo¹
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Physics, Samara University,
Samara, Ethiopia, B.O.Box 132.
*Corresponding author: atklt.physics@gmail.com

Abstract

Organometallic perovskite is used as a sensitizer for nanoporous nickel oxide films in photoelectrochemical solar cell applications. The regeneration kinetics of light-absorbing sensitizer molecules by the organic electrolyte 1-methy-1H-tetrazole-5-thiolate (T-) were studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy's feedback mode (SECM). The approach curves were used to calculate the regeneration rate constants. The rate constants (k_red) for perovskite and organic dye have been found as 9.98 × 10^{6Read More}

Study of Organometallic Sensitizer Regeneration Kinetics by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Ataklti Abraha Gebreyohanes^*1 and Getachew Alemu Anshebo¹
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Physics, Samara University,
Samara, Ethiopia, B.O.Box 132.
*Corresponding author: atklt.physics@gmail.com

Abstract

Organometallic perovskite is used as a sensitizer for nanoporous nickel oxide films in photoelectrochemical solar cell applications. The regeneration kinetics of light-absorbing sensitizer molecules by the organic electrolyte 1-methy-1H-tetrazole-5-thiolate (T-) were studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy's feedback mode (SECM). The approach curves were used to calculate the regeneration rate constants. The rate constants (k_red) for perovskite
and organic dye have been found as 9.98 × 10⁶ mol^-1 Read More

Roles of Botanical Gardens for Conservation and Requirements for their Establishment: Review

Mehari Girmay
Plant Research Directorate, Gullele Botanical Garden, P.O. Box: 153/1029, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Corresponding author email: meharirgm@gmail.com

Abstract
Botanical gardens are extremely important institutions that safeguard the environment from everincreasing environmental concerns, educate people about environmental issues, provision of recreational opportunities, conducting of various research and conservations. Their mission is to keep documented collections of living plants for scientific research, conservation, display, and education, but this may vary depending on the resources available and the special interests pursued at each garden. Botanists and gardeners are typically on the staff. Read More

Assessment of Solar Energy Potential for Solar Cooking - a Case of Daassenech, Ethiopia

Ephrem Milikias Meja^1* and Addisu Bekele Alemayehu^2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: Ephremm.2013@gmail.com
 

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to explore the available solar energy potential for the purpose of designing and experimental analysis of small-scale low-cost solar cookers in the Daassenech area. Solar energy evaluation is done based on sunshine data collected from the Ethiopian national metrology agency and other four satellite-based data are analyzed from different freely accessible international Read More

Evaluation of underutilized cultivated Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) accessions in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

Zinash Teferi Abdena^1* and Mosisa Chewaka Aga^1
1 Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo, Ethiopia
* Corresponding author Email: Zinashteferiabdena2022@gmail.com 

Abstract
Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) is an endemic root and tuber crop species of Ethiopia, which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. The aim of this study was to assess C. abyssinica accessions to identify better physical adaptability potential and high-yielding in the West Shewa zone, central highland of Ethiopia. Sixteen (16) promising Anchote accessions were planted in a 2m x 2m plot area by using a randomized complete block design, with three replications for three consec Read More

Ascertaining the source of major dissolved solute and recharge mechanism of groundwater in the Golina River Basin, Northern Ethiopia

Hindeya Gebru^1,2*, Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes², and Ermias Hagos^2
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
² School of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: hindualem@gmail.com 

This study uses major ions and stable water isotopes to understand the solute acquisition, origin, and recharge mechanisms of groundwater of the alluvial deposits (sand and gravels) and weathered and fractured volcanic rocks aquifers in the Golina River Basin (GRB), Ethiopia. The results of the hydrogeochemistry indicates that the solutes of the groundwater are dominantly acquiring by the natural weathering of Ca²⁺ and M^g2+-rich s Read More

Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human Diseases in Mille District, Afar Regional State, North-eastern Ethiopia

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was conducted in Mille district, Afar regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess medicinal plants used to heal human diseases by traditional healers. Among twelve (12) Kebelles of the district four (4) Kebelles were selected purposefully. The data were collected using semi-structure interview and focused group discussion. Thirty (30) informants were selected purposively by the help of district administration and elders. A total of 21 plants species were documented. Most claimed plants are trees (52.6%), leaf part was also widely used (41.6%) than others. The frequently used route of administration is oral which accounts 62.5%. Aloe was the most important plant species to treat different human disease and the species was ranked first. The traditional knowledge transfer mechanism for generations is very important experience. As per the informants, wild growing medicinal plants are the most efficacious. Further exploration of t Read More

Trend and Time Series Analysis of Daily New Case Report on COVID - 19 in Ethiopia: A Two-Year Daily Report Analysis

The outbreak of coronavirus disease was first reported in December 2019 and spreading rapidly across the world, the severity of this pandemic is rising in Ethiopia until January 2022, and it shows up and down fluctuation afterward. It remains a serious economic, political, and social challenge, with disastrous consequences for emerging countries like Ethiopia. Ethiopia has ordered the closure of schools and public gatherings, as well as the implementation of a variety of strict and preventative measures. The study's major purpose was to look at the overall trend of coronavirus disease cases and to build an adequate forecast model. Daily new cases reports of coronavirus disease between 13, March 2020 and 13 March 2022 at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute and the Minister of Health's official website were used for fitting the trend & time series ARIMA model. Trend analysis and Box Jenkins methodologies were employed. The automatic best differencing parameter was identi Read More

Wild Edible plants study in a Dryland Ecosystem of Ethiopia

The study was conducted in districts surrounding to Hirmi dryland, Northwestern Zone of Tigray region, to study the wild edible plant species (WEPs) type, use, threats, and conservation practices as well as associated community knowledge in the study areas. Six kebeles near Hirmi dryland were chosen to collect the necessary information, with 60 general informants and six key informants recruited. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interview, group discussion, and field walk. The collected data were analysed via descriptive statistics, preference ranking, and direct matrix ranking using their respective statistical and computer packages such as ANOVA and t-tests in SPS. A total of 41 wild edible plant species that belong to 35 genera and 28 families were recorded. The family Moraceae was represented by the highest number of species. Riverside was a good source (39%) of wild edible plants. 63% of the plants were eaten their fruit raw while it be Read More

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) Beyond Honey production: Pollination

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) play a crucial ecological role as pollinators of many flowering plants and are the source of multi-billion dollars in several parts of the world. Pollination by honeybees take place in almost all major ecosystems of the world except in areas with extremely cold (Alpine/Afroalpine) and extremely hot (Desert) weather. Even though it is hard to estimate the overall value of honeybee pollination in crop production, several authors estimated it more than $1.6-$40 billion a year in United States of America alone. Surprisingly, this could be the annual budget of more than 5-10 least developed Countries. In Africa, bee pollination is sometimes estimated to be 100 times the value of the honey harvest, depending on the type of crop. Unfortunately, pollinators in general and honeybees in particular have extremely declined these days. Thus, every country has to incorporate policies to help conserve the pollinators maintaining pollination system healthy and producti Read More

Prevalence, associated factor and economic importance of major Metacystode in slaughtered cattle at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factor of major metacestode in slaughtered cattle and its economic importance at Jimma municipal abattoir from October 2019 to June 2020. Out of 384 bovine examined at Jimma municipal abattoir 197 (51.3%) at 95% CI of: 46.29-56.29) cattle were found positive for Metacestode, of which 191 (49.74%, 95% CI: 44.74-54.75) and 9 (2.34%, 95%CI: 1.22-4.45) were positive for Hydatid cyst and Cysticercous bovis, respectively. The highest prevalence of metacestode were found in Asendabo (66.67%) followed by Bilida (58.44%) and Agaro (57.89%) and lowest in Sarbo (43.94%) and Kefa (40%). The highest prevalence of hydatid cysts was observed in lung (58.64%), and liver (23.04%). While the highest prevalence of cysticercus bovis was detected in heart (33.33%). Furthermore, out of 190 hydatid cyst identified, the proportion of small, medium, large and mixed cyst were 13.16%, 7.89%, 4.21% and 74.74%, respectively. The preva Read More

STUDY ON RECOVERABLE GOLD FROM THE EFFLUENTS RELEASED BY GOLD ANALYSIS LABORATORIES

In the present study, an attempt has been made to estimate the recoverable gold from waste aqua-regia solution containing gold traces released by gold processing laboratories in Tanzania.  One kilogram sample of aqua-regia solution containing 69 ppm of gold was treated with zinc dust, sodium cyanide and   sodium hydroxide in stoichiometric quantities. The mass of zinc was optimized keeping the other parameters constant.  The resultant solution containing elemental gold in the form of a precipitate was separa Read More

Remodeling Job Creation and urban employment Policy: Unemployment factors, Hardship, Coping and self employment scenario in Ethiopian Urban Centers

Urban unemployment scenario has been attracting attention of policy makers and researchers. Unemployment is considered as critical social problem which signifies the attention so far given to its remedial measures is inadequate. This paper aims to compensate research gap and practical possible intervention that more likely address the problem if it is properly investigated and implemented accordingly. Researcher set main objectives that more probably answer questions associate with urban unemployment patterns. In view of those major factors of unemployment, hardship that unemployed face, coping strategies unemployed use and scenario of self employment in urban centers were adequately emphasized. Data of this research was taken from central statistics agency of Ethiopia and the data was tested that it has been proven suitable for statistical analysis. This study is the summary of detailed analy Read More

Impact of COVID-19 on Democratic Election and Development of Ethiopia

The purpose of this paper is to address the major impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sixth general election and democratic development of Ethiopia. The data were drawn from pertinent publications as well as official websites of organizations and synthesized in thematic content analysis. As a major finding, COVID-19 less impacted the overall election process and credibility. Yet, restrictions on major democratic rights, such as freedom of movement and assembly; court system closure; and women's and children's domestic violence were severe impacts of COVID-19 during the lockdown period. Moreover, in human capital development, about 26 million children, 77% of whom are primary school students are affected by school closures; and 1.6–2.4million jobs were lost. Thus, the paper concluded that, though radical opponent political parties understated the credibility of the electio Read More

QUANTIFICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND METABOLOMICS PROFILING OF THE NIGERIAN’S BOTANICAL APHRODISIAC Microdesmis keayana (MICRODESMIS) J. LEONARD (PANDACEAE) ROOT

Microdesmis keayana is commonly known as microdesmis and is used in South-Western Nigeria as an aphrodisiac. Despite its extensive traditional usage, the bioactive constituents of this plant’s roots are yet to be explored thoroughly. The present study was carried out to actuate the chemical components of Microdesmis keayana root by quantitative phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty grams of the powdered roots was sequentially extracted by ethanol and later tested for preliminary quantitative phytochemical screening and further subject to GC-MS analysis. The results showed the presence of alkaloids (17.85±0.48), flavonoids (6.17±0.27), tannins (6.17±0.27), steroids (5.53±0.1), saponins (9.25±0.02), phenols (3.01±0.11) and cardiac glycoside (3.41±0.13) in the extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 14 major compounds of different chemical class relevant to the Read More