Research Article

Veterinary

In-vitro embryo production and transfer technology in cattle: An updated review article

The use of in vitro technique with domestic animal gametes and the methods of embryo manipulation for assisted reproduction is currently the most advanced method in cattle breeding with regard to scientific research and practice. In vitro embryo production (IVP) is the process of production of live embryos in the laboratory rather than in vivo by collecting oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries as well as from live donor cows. IVP entails the completion of three biological steps that are now relatively well established in cattle: oocyte in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Oocyte maturation is a complex process involving nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in appropriate media. To enhance successful fertilization of matured Oocytes, sperm cells must be motile, have the ability to undergo capacitation and express the acrosome reaction